Does anything beat buy & hold on Ethereum Classic (ETC)?
Every setup we tested on Ethereum Classic (ETC) — ranked out-of-sample, corrected for multiple testing, and forward-tracked in public from the day this page published. The honest answer is the headline.
Beat buy-and-hold in both windows — but can't be told apart from selection luck.
Beat buy-and-hold in both the full window and out-of-sample but its OOS Sharpe 0.7 did not clear the 1.88 selection hurdle (best-of-N luck cannot be ruled out). Buy-and-hold benchmark: -5.5% CAGR over 12.4 years (-24.6% CAGR in the out-of-sample window).
Educational research from historical backtests — not investment advice. Past performance does not predict future results.
Ethereum Classic (ETC): Beat Buy-and-Hold in Both Windows, Couldn't Beat the Selection Hurdle
Crypto sets a brutal baseline: Ethereum Classic compounds at -5.5% annualized just for holding, and it charges drawdowns near -35.0% for the privilege. Against that backdrop we ran 684 indicator configurations on ETC. The best of them — Bullish Marubozu on the daily timeframe — beat buy-and-hold in both the training and holdout windows, with a profitable out-of-sample trade profile across 52 trades. That is genuinely uncommon here. But 'best of 684' is exactly the phrase that should make you slow down, which is what the second paragraph is for.
When you pick the winner from 684 attempts, the result is partly signal and partly luck of the draw. Our hurdle corrects for that: with this many tries and 3.7 years of holdout data, an out-of-sample Sharpe needs to clear 1.88 before we trust it. This one landed at 0.7 — profitable, but statistically indistinguishable from the luckiest of hundreds of tries. Add that crypto structure keeps changing — new venues, new participants, shifting volatility regimes — and a pattern from the past has no obligation to repeat. Treat this as a research lead, not an edge.
Every figure above is computed from our own backtests — nothing is estimated or invented. Hypothetical results; not investment advice.
The setups that ranked, and what they are
Fully mechanical — no discretionary steps, no hidden filters. We name the indicator and publish its record; we keep the settings.
Bullish Marubozu
What it is: A market-structure rule: it reacts to swing structure and prior levels rather than to a smoothed average. Long/flat only — no leverage, no shorting. The parameters we tested are not published.
How it was tested: signals evaluated at daily-bar close, the position changes on the NEXT bar, 0.08% cost per side. Same engine, same cost model, same out-of-sample split as every other number on this site.
Out-of-sample (last ~30% of the window, never used to pick this setup): Sharpe 0.7 · alpha +33.5% · 16 trades over 3.7 yrs.
MA Envelope
What it is: A channel / envelope rule: it measures how far price has travelled from a moving reference and acts at the extremes. Long/flat only — no leverage, no shorting. The parameters we tested are not published.
How it was tested: signals evaluated at daily-bar close, the position changes on the NEXT bar, 0.08% cost per side. Same engine, same cost model, same out-of-sample split as every other number on this site.
Out-of-sample (last ~30% of the window, never used to pick this setup): Sharpe 0.61 · alpha +43.5% · 48 trades over 3.7 yrs.
VWAP Bands
What it is: A channel / envelope rule: it measures how far price has travelled from a moving reference and acts at the extremes. Long/flat only — no leverage, no shorting. The parameters we tested are not published.
How it was tested: signals evaluated at daily-bar close, the position changes on the NEXT bar, 0.08% cost per side. Same engine, same cost model, same out-of-sample split as every other number on this site.
Out-of-sample (last ~30% of the window, never used to pick this setup): Sharpe 0.6 · alpha +40.1% · 18 trades over 3.7 yrs.
Since publication — including if it loses
The setup is ahead so far — over a window this short that is mostly noise. Marked to market nightly from real prices, rules frozen at publication, as of 2026-09-11. Currently FLAT.
We tested 684 setups (indicator × parameters × timeframe) on Ethereum Classic (ETC). Only setups with ≥30 trades qualify (418 did). Setups are ranked by out-of-sample Sharpe — the last ~30% of history, which standard-parameter rules never saw during selection. Because picking the best of 684 tries mines even the holdout, the VALIDATED verdict additionally requires the top setup’s OOS Sharpe to clear a selection hurdle of 1.88 (√(2 ln N)/√T) AND positive alpha in both windows. Of the eligible setups, 62.2% had positive out-of-sample alpha (median OOS Sharpe -0.35) — the table below is truncated, but this summary covers all of them. How we test: methodology. The scoring contract is published in full; the parameters of each individual setup are not.
Top 20 of 418 eligible setups
Ranked by out-of-sample Sharpe. Full + out-of-sample columns, costs included. Hypothetical.
| # | Setup | TF | Total ret | Sharpe | Max DD | Win | Trades | α vs B&H | OOS Sharpe | OOS α | OOS trades |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bullish Marubozu | Daily | +203.5% | 0.46 | -35.0% | 57.7% | 52 | +14.9% | 0.7 | +33.5% | 16 |
| 2 | MA Envelope | Daily | -74.7% | 0.08 | -95.0% | 56.2% | 130 | -4.9% | 0.61 | +43.5% | 48 |
| 3 | VWAP Bands | Daily | -66.4% | 0.04 | -90.1% | 46.4% | 56 | -2.9% | 0.6 | +40.1% | 18 |
| 4 | Order-Flow Reversion | Daily | -37.5% | 0.11 | -90.9% | 54.2% | 48 | +1.8% | 0.53 | +36.9% | 16 |
| 5 | Connors RSI | Daily | -23.6% | 0.2 | -93.1% | 56.2% | 153 | +3.4% | 0.52 | +38.0% | 51 |
| 6 | Projection Bands | Daily | -94.4% | -0.18 | -97.8% | 53.0% | 100 | -15.1% | 0.51 | +38.1% | 37 |
| 7 | Lorentzian Classification | Weekly | +103.4% | 0.41 | -90.7% | 46.0% | 63 | +17.2% | 0.5 | +47.4% | 26 |
| 8 | CCI | Daily | -85.7% | -0.04 | -95.0% | 55.4% | 56 | -9.0% | 0.5 | +37.5% | 21 |
| 9 | Bollinger 30 (x2.0) Break | Daily | +809.4% | 0.64 | -51.9% | 41.8% | 67 | +25.0% | 0.5 | +32.9% | 16 |
| 10 | Keltner 20 Break | Daily | +519.8% | 0.54 | -71.5% | 42.9% | 70 | +21.3% | 0.49 | +32.7% | 16 |
| 11 | Pivot Points (Standard) | Daily | -11.3% | 0.23 | -85.0% | 51.0% | 445 | +4.6% | 0.47 | +35.5% | 142 |
| 12 | Relative Vigor Index | Weekly | +295.1% | 0.53 | -84.2% | 38.7% | 31 | +25.9% | 0.42 | +42.8% | 10 |
| 13 | Fibonacci Pivots | Daily | -57.8% | 0.12 | -91.7% | 51.0% | 490 | -1.2% | 0.42 | +33.6% | 156 |
| 14 | Bollinger 50 (x2.5) Break | Daily | +861.3% | 0.69 | -22.0% | 46.3% | 41 | +25.5% | 0.41 | +30.5% | 12 |
| 15 | Hammer | Daily | +25.0% | 0.19 | -58.7% | 35.7% | 56 | +7.3% | 0.4 | +31.3% | 17 |
| 16 | Connors RSI-2 | Daily | +9.3% | 0.25 | -87.2% | 54.3% | 151 | +6.3% | 0.36 | +31.4% | 49 |
| 17 | Fibonacci Pivots | Weekly | -17.8% | 0.24 | -88.0% | 44.1% | 68 | +6.3% | 0.34 | +39.5% | 24 |
| 18 | SMA 100 Trend | Daily | +70.3% | 0.35 | -94.2% | 39.2% | 51 | +9.9% | 0.34 | +30.1% | 10 |
| 19 | Range Filter | Daily | +652.4% | 0.57 | -59.0% | 49.7% | 159 | +23.2% | 0.34 | +29.5% | 40 |
| 20 | Chop Zone (EMA-34 angle) | Daily | +488.9% | 0.53 | -73.4% | 44.0% | 50 | +20.9% | 0.33 | +30.1% | 14 |
Hypothetical backtests with 0.08%/side costs. Not investment advice — see the full disclaimer.
These are historical backtests of mechanical rules. They are educational research, not investment advice, not a recommendation, and not tailored to you. Educational information only — not investment advice. Hypothetical backtested results; past performance does not guarantee future results. Trading involves risk of loss.