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Does anything beat buy & hold on US Agg Bond (AGG)?

Every setup we tested on US Agg Bond (AGG) — ranked out-of-sample, corrected for multiple testing, and forward-tracked in public from the day this page published. The honest answer is the headline.

MIXED

Beat buy-and-hold in both windows — but can't be told apart from selection luck.

Beat buy-and-hold in both the full window and out-of-sample but its OOS Sharpe 0.43 did not clear the 1.39 selection hurdle (best-of-N luck cannot be ruled out). Buy-and-hold benchmark: +3.1% CAGR over 22.8 years (+0.7% CAGR in the out-of-sample window).

Educational research from historical backtests — not investment advice. Past performance does not predict future results.

US Agg Bond (AGG): Relative Volatility Index Beat the Index, But Couldn't Beat the Odds

Broad index funds like US Agg Bond are diversified by construction, which makes them stubbornly hard to beat — most of what looks like edge in a backtest is just the market's own return, rearranged. Here the picture is genuinely mixed. Out of 731 indicator configurations we tested on AGG, the strongest was Relative Volatility Index on the weekly timeframe. It outperformed buy-and-hold in both the training and out-of-sample windows, with a profitable trade profile across 35 out-of-sample trades. That is more than most setups on this asset manage, and less than what we would call validated.

Read the figures with the selection problem in mind. An out-of-sample Sharpe of 0.43 sounds fine until you remember it was chosen as the best of hundreds of attempts; our hurdle of 1.39 exists precisely to discount that luck, and this setup did not clear it. The out-of-sample alpha of +1.1% over 6.8 years, a 48.6% win rate, and a -6.9% drawdown describe one historical path, nothing more. Only 4.3% of setups beat buy-and-hold at all here, while buy-and-hold itself compounded at +3.1%. Market regimes shift; past performance carries no promise about future results.

Every figure above is computed from our own backtests — nothing is estimated or invented. Hypothetical results; not investment advice.

The rules

Top setups as mechanical rules

Exactly as the backtest defined them — no discretionary steps, no hidden filters.

#1 · Volatility · Weekly

Relative Volatility Index

Mechanical rule (exactly as backtested): Long while the Relative Volatility Index (volatility-direction) is above 50. Signals are evaluated at weekly-bar close, the position changes on the NEXT bar, 0.08% cost per side, long/flat only — no leverage, no shorting.

+108.2%
Total return
0.83
Sharpe
-6.9%
Max DD
48.6%
Win rate
35
Trades
+0.2%
vs B&H

Out-of-sample (last ~30% of the window, never used to pick this setup): Sharpe 0.43 · alpha +1.1% · 10 trades over 6.8 yrs.

#2 · Trend · Weekly

FRAMA 10/30 Cross

Mechanical rule (exactly as backtested): MA variant — fractal adaptive-MA cross; long while fast leads slow. Signals are evaluated at weekly-bar close, the position changes on the NEXT bar, 0.08% cost per side, long/flat only — no leverage, no shorting.

+25.7%
Total return
0.27
Sharpe
-14.1%
Max DD
59.8%
Win rate
92
Trades
-2.1%
vs B&H

Out-of-sample (last ~30% of the window, never used to pick this setup): Sharpe 0.43 · alpha +1.1% · 21 trades over 6.8 yrs.

#3 · Trend · Weekly

Trend Regularity Adaptive MA

Mechanical rule (exactly as backtested): LuxAlgo's TRAMA — adapts to trend consistency; long above a rising TRAMA. Signals are evaluated at weekly-bar close, the position changes on the NEXT bar, 0.08% cost per side, long/flat only — no leverage, no shorting.

+70.7%
Total return
0.69
Sharpe
-5.5%
Max DD
53.1%
Win rate
32
Trades
-0.7%
vs B&H

Out-of-sample (last ~30% of the window, never used to pick this setup): Sharpe 0.36 · alpha +0.7% · 11 trades over 6.8 yrs.

Forward test

Since publication — including if it loses

0.0%
the published setup, since 2026-07-02 (0 market days)
0.0%
buy & hold, same window

The forward record is just getting started — the gap between the two is the honest score. Marked to market nightly from real prices, rules frozen at publication, as of 2026-06-29. Currently LONG.

How this verdict was computed (mode: out-of-sample)

We tested 731 setups (indicator × parameters × timeframe) on US Agg Bond (AGG). Only setups with ≥30 trades qualify (605 did). Setups are ranked by out-of-sample Sharpe — the last ~30% of history, which standard-parameter rules never saw during selection. Because picking the best of 731 tries mines even the holdout, the VALIDATED verdict additionally requires the top setup’s OOS Sharpe to clear a selection hurdle of 1.39 (√(2 ln N)/√T) AND positive alpha in both windows. Of the eligible setups, 4.3% had positive out-of-sample alpha (median OOS Sharpe -0.13) — the table below is truncated, but this summary covers all of them. Full recipe: methodology · the engine’s contract lives in the repo as STRATEGY_METHODOLOGY.md.

Ranked table

Top 20 of 605 eligible setups

Ranked by out-of-sample Sharpe. Full + out-of-sample columns, costs included. Hypothetical.

#SetupTFTotal retSharpeMax DDWinTradesα vs B&HOOS SharpeOOS αOOS trades
1Relative Volatility IndexWeekly+108.2%0.83-6.9%48.6%35+0.2%0.43+1.1%10
2FRAMA 10/30 CrossWeekly+25.7%0.27-14.1%59.8%92-2.1%0.43+1.1%21
3Trend Regularity Adaptive MAWeekly+70.7%0.69-5.5%53.1%32-0.7%0.36+0.7%11
4SMA 20/50 CrossDaily+68.8%0.64-9.6%56.1%57-0.7%0.35+0.7%18
5Supertrend (14,4)Daily+58.5%0.62-6.1%56.2%48-1.0%0.35+0.4%18
6Q-StickWeekly+26.3%0.33-7.2%53.0%100-2.0%0.32+0.5%24
7Stochastic (20,5)Weekly+42.7%0.52-8.3%58.5%82-1.5%0.32+0.4%22
8Bollinger SqueezeDaily+5.4%0.14-8.2%34.8%66-2.8%0.31-0.4%13
9Chande Kroll StopWeekly+59.8%0.46-13.6%56.9%58-1.0%0.3+0.7%19
10DEMA 100 TrendWeekly+43.5%0.52-5.5%65.8%38-1.5%0.3+0.4%10
11McGinley 200 TrendDaily+70.1%0.59-9.7%34.2%38-0.7%0.29+0.4%10
12SMA 20/80 CrossDaily+63.3%0.6-9.6%57.9%38-0.9%0.29+0.4%14
13T3 15/60 CrossDaily+48.5%0.51-9.6%43.2%44-1.3%0.29+0.4%13
14VortexWeekly+66.2%0.65-9.2%57.9%38-0.8%0.29+0.4%14
15DEMA 20/50 CrossDaily+40.1%0.47-7.5%49.0%96-1.6%0.29+0.3%26
16Ehlers ReflexWeekly+40.2%0.38-13.1%69.4%36-1.6%0.28+0.4%11
17Random Walk IndexWeekly+64.9%0.64-9.2%55.0%40-0.9%0.27+0.3%16
18Random Walk IndexWeekly+64.9%0.64-9.2%55.0%40-0.9%0.27+0.3%16
19TEMA 30 TrendWeekly+14.5%0.22-9.3%58.3%103-2.5%0.27+0.2%26
20Schaff Trend CycleWeekly+3.7%0.12-3.4%60.0%30-2.9%0.27-0.4%10

Hypothetical backtests with 0.08%/side costs. Not investment advice — see the full disclaimer.

Read this before acting on anything

These are historical backtests of mechanical rules. They are educational research, not investment advice, not a recommendation, and not tailored to you. Educational information only — not investment advice. Hypothetical backtested results; past performance does not guarantee future results. Trading involves risk of loss.

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