Does anything beat buy & hold on Worldcoin (WLD)?
Every setup we tested on Worldcoin (WLD) — ranked out-of-sample, corrected for multiple testing, and forward-tracked in public from the day this page published. The honest answer is the headline.
No setup beat simply holding once tested honestly. We say so plainly.
Its best setup only beat buy-and-hold in one window — a regime artifact, not a strategy. Buy-and-hold benchmark: +84.5% CAGR over 6.6 years (-32.9% CAGR in the out-of-sample window).
Educational research from historical backtests — not investment advice. Past performance does not predict future results.
Worldcoin: Nothing Beat Buy-and-Hold, and We Checked Everything
For Worldcoin, we ran 570 indicator configurations through the same pipeline we apply to every asset, and none cleared the bar. This is a common outcome in crypto, where simply holding WLD produced a buy-and-hold CAGR of +84.5%% — alongside a maximum drawdown of -85.2%%, which is the price of admission. When the baseline compounds that hard, a timing rule has to be genuinely predictive, not just lucky during one bull run, to add anything. In a market that trades around the clock and moves violently, most rules here simply stepped out of moves that holding captured for free.
The best-looking candidate was Fisher Center-of-Gravity on the daily timeframe, posting an out-of-sample Sharpe of 1.25 against a multiple-testing hurdle of 2.52. That hurdle exists because picking the top result from 570 attempts manufactures apparent skill by construction. Only 86.1%% of setups beat holding at all, and the leader's edge did not hold up across 2.0 years of unseen data. Read this as evidence, not prophecy: crypto market structure shifts quickly, past performance does not predict future results, and a verdict of nothing today is a finding about history, not a forecast.
Every figure above is computed from our own backtests — nothing is estimated or invented. Hypothetical results; not investment advice.
The least-bad setups — shown with their failure numbers
Nothing here earned a verdict — these are the best of a losing field, published so you can see exactly how "best" still failed.
Fisher Center-of-Gravity
What it is: An oscillator rule: it reads a bounded momentum gauge and takes exposure when it turns from an extreme. Long/flat only — no leverage, no shorting. The parameters we tested are not published.
How it was tested: signals evaluated at daily-bar close, the position changes on the NEXT bar, 0.08% cost per side. Same engine, same cost model, same out-of-sample split as every other number on this site.
Out-of-sample (last ~30% of the window, never used to pick this setup): Sharpe 1.25 · alpha +132.1% · 50 trades over 2.0 yrs.
Volume Zone Oscillator
What it is: An order-flow / liquidity model: it reads signed volume to judge whether buyers or sellers are actually being absorbed. Long/flat only — no leverage, no shorting. The parameters we tested are not published.
How it was tested: signals evaluated at daily-bar close, the position changes on the NEXT bar, 0.08% cost per side. Same engine, same cost model, same out-of-sample split as every other number on this site.
Out-of-sample (last ~30% of the window, never used to pick this setup): Sharpe 1.03 · alpha +102.2% · 43 trades over 2.0 yrs.
Historical Volatility Regime
What it is: A volatility-regime filter: it only takes exposure while realised volatility says the tape is calm enough to trust. Long/flat only — no leverage, no shorting. The parameters we tested are not published.
How it was tested: signals evaluated at daily-bar close, the position changes on the NEXT bar, 0.08% cost per side. Same engine, same cost model, same out-of-sample split as every other number on this site.
Out-of-sample (last ~30% of the window, never used to pick this setup): Sharpe 0.87 · alpha +72.7% · 16 trades over 2.0 yrs.
Since publication — including if it loses
The setup is ahead so far — over a window this short that is mostly noise. Marked to market nightly from real prices, rules frozen at publication, as of 2026-10-27. Currently FLAT.
We tested 570 setups (indicator × parameters × timeframe) on Worldcoin (WLD). Only setups with ≥30 trades qualify (294 did). Setups are ranked by out-of-sample Sharpe — the last ~30% of history, which standard-parameter rules never saw during selection. Because picking the best of 570 tries mines even the holdout, the VALIDATED verdict additionally requires the top setup’s OOS Sharpe to clear a selection hurdle of 2.52 (√(2 ln N)/√T) AND positive alpha in both windows. Of the eligible setups, 86.1% had positive out-of-sample alpha (median OOS Sharpe 0.19) — the table below is truncated, but this summary covers all of them. How we test: methodology. The scoring contract is published in full; the parameters of each individual setup are not.
Top 20 of 294 eligible setups
Ranked by out-of-sample Sharpe. Full + out-of-sample columns, costs included. Hypothetical.
| # | Setup | TF | Total ret | Sharpe | Max DD | Win | Trades | α vs B&H | OOS Sharpe | OOS α | OOS trades |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Fisher Center-of-Gravity | Daily | +34.9% | 0.36 | -85.2% | 40.6% | 165 | -79.8% | 1.25 | +132.1% | 50 |
| 2 | Volume Zone Oscillator | Daily | +133.0% | 0.5 | -77.8% | 35.8% | 151 | -70.8% | 1.03 | +102.2% | 43 |
| 3 | Historical Volatility Regime | Daily | +596.0% | 0.86 | -33.0% | 52.9% | 34 | -50.2% | 0.87 | +72.7% | 16 |
| 4 | Net Volume | Daily | >+999% | 0.39 | -87.0% | 40.3% | 67 | +124.7% | 0.83 | +78.8% | 21 |
| 5 | Liquidity Flow Oscillator | Daily | >+999% | 0.39 | -87.0% | 40.3% | 67 | +124.7% | 0.83 | +78.8% | 21 |
| 6 | Heikin-Ashi Trend | Weekly | >+999% | 0.47 | -77.8% | 35.1% | 37 | +224.2% | 0.82 | +94.0% | 10 |
| 7 | Connors RSI-2 | Daily | -81.2% | -0.23 | -93.0% | 53.9% | 76 | -106.9% | 0.82 | +67.1% | 30 |
| 8 | Williams Fractals | Daily | -13.9% | 0.35 | -85.2% | 38.9% | 36 | -86.7% | 0.78 | +73.0% | 11 |
| 9 | Vortex | Daily | +108.7% | 0.55 | -84.3% | 43.6% | 78 | -72.7% | 0.76 | +70.0% | 23 |
| 10 | Random Walk Index | Daily | +36.5% | 0.48 | -84.3% | 43.6% | 78 | -79.6% | 0.76 | +70.0% | 23 |
| 11 | Random Walk Index | Daily | +36.5% | 0.48 | -84.3% | 43.6% | 78 | -79.6% | 0.76 | +70.0% | 23 |
| 12 | Balance of Power | Daily | >+999% | 0.39 | -81.4% | 45.2% | 84 | +110.1% | 0.72 | +66.3% | 26 |
| 13 | TSI (13,7) | Daily | +186.9% | 0.6 | -78.1% | 39.0% | 41 | -67.1% | 0.7 | +63.9% | 14 |
| 14 | J_TPO | Daily | -53.0% | 0.24 | -90.0% | 43.4% | 76 | -95.3% | 0.68 | +62.1% | 22 |
| 15 | HalfTrend | Daily | >+999% | 0.4 | -73.7% | 45.7% | 35 | +180.5% | 0.67 | +61.0% | 10 |
| 16 | Half Trend | Daily | >+999% | 0.4 | -73.7% | 45.7% | 35 | +183.7% | 0.67 | +61.0% | 10 |
| 17 | SMC: Order Block | Daily | >+999% | 0.39 | -86.2% | 58.8% | 34 | +53.4% | 0.67 | +58.8% | 10 |
| 18 | ROC (20) | Daily | >+999% | 0.39 | -90.5% | 42.6% | 68 | +10.2% | 0.65 | +58.1% | 22 |
| 19 | Momentum (20) | Daily | >+999% | 0.39 | -90.5% | 42.6% | 68 | +10.2% | 0.65 | +58.1% | 22 |
| 20 | CCI Trend | Daily | +1.1% | 0.44 | -85.9% | 34.8% | 69 | -84.3% | 0.65 | +57.8% | 20 |
Hypothetical backtests with 0.08%/side costs. Not investment advice — see the full disclaimer.
These are historical backtests of mechanical rules. They are educational research, not investment advice, not a recommendation, and not tailored to you. Educational information only — not investment advice. Hypothetical backtested results; past performance does not guarantee future results. Trading involves risk of loss.